| 1 | United States | Visitors can generally drive short-term with a valid foreign licence; some states also expect an IDP. New residents usually must obtain a state licence within a set period (often 30–90 days, varies by state). | USAGov |
| 2 | United Kingdom | Most visitors and new residents can drive with a foreign licence for up to 12 months; long-term residents may need to exchange or take a UK test depending on licence origin. | GOV.UK |
| 3 | Canada | Visitors generally may drive with their foreign licence (IDP recommended); residents must obtain a provincial licence after a grace period (rules differ by province). | Canada.ca |
| 4 | Australia | Visitors can often drive with a foreign licence + English translation/IDP; residents must obtain a state or territory licence within a set period, sometimes with direct exchange options. | Austroads |
| 5 | New Zealand | Foreign licence usually valid up to 12 months; after that, residents must convert to a NZ licence (often without a full test for some countries). | NZTA Waka Kotahi |
| 6 | Germany | EU/EEA licences valid; non-EU licences typically valid for 6 months after establishing residence, then must be exchanged or retested depending on reciprocity. | Federal Transport Ministry |
| 7 | France | EU licences treated like French licences; many non-EU licences valid for up to 1 year of residence, then must be exchanged if a treaty exists, otherwise full test. | Service-Public |
| 8 | Spain | EU/EEA licences valid; non-EU licences generally valid only for a limited period (often 6 months once resident) and then require exchange or test. | DGT |
| 9 | Italy | EU licences usually valid; many non-EU licences valid for up to 1 year of residence with IDP; later, conversion is required where reciprocity exists. | Italian Transport Ministry |
| 10 | Netherlands | Foreign licences valid only for limited time after registering as resident (often 185 days); some expats can exchange without exam under the 30% ruling or specific country lists. | Business.gov.nl |
| 11 | Belgium | EU/EEA licences accepted; many non-EU licences must be exchanged within a set time after registering; some countries have simplified exchange rules. | Belgium.be |
| 12 | Switzerland | Most foreign licences valid 12 months after becoming resident; must exchange for a Swiss licence within one year; driving professionally often requires earlier exchange. | ch.ch |
| 13 | Austria | EU/EEA licences recognised; non-EU licences generally valid for 6 months of residence, after which exchange or test is needed. | Oesterreich.gv.at |
| 14 | Sweden | Foreign licence usually valid for 1 year after registering as resident; EU/EEA licences can be used longer, others must be exchanged with possible tests. | Swedish Transport Agency |
| 15 | Norway | EU/EEA licences mostly valid; non-EEA licences often valid for up to 3 months (or 1 year in some cases), then exchange or testing required. | Norwegian Public Roads Admin |
| 16 | Denmark | EU licences valid; non-EU licences valid for a limited period (usually up to 90 days–1 year, depending on status), then conversion needed for residents. | Borger.dk |
| 17 | Portugal | EU/EEA licences widely recognised; many non-EU licences can be used for a short time and may be exchangeable without exam if from listed countries. | IMT Portugal |
| 18 | Ireland | EU/EEA licences valid; some non-EU licences from "recognised states" can be exchanged, others require Irish testing after a limited period. | NDLS |
| 19 | Poland | EU/EEA licences valid; non-EU licences valid but must eventually be exchanged after residence (timing and process defined by Polish law). | Gov.pl |
| 20 | Czech Republic | EU/EEA licences are valid; non-EU licences accepted for a limited period, then exchange needed for residents (often without test from certain countries). | Ministry of Transport |
| 21 | Hungary | EU licences valid; non-EU licences can be used for a limited time then require exchange if staying long-term, subject to reciprocity. | Magyarorszag.hu |
| 22 | Greece | EU licences valid; some non-EU licences can be exchanged without exams, others require Greek testing after a short period of residence. | Gov.gr |
| 23 | Turkey | Foreign licences (with translation/IDP) typically valid for up to 6 months–1 year; longer-term residents must obtain a Turkish licence. | e-Devlet |
| 24 | United Arab Emirates | Many visitors can drive on home licence/IDP; residents from approved countries can exchange to a UAE licence, others must attend driving school and pass tests. | U.ae |
| 25 | Qatar | Visitors may drive short-term with foreign licence/IDP; residents must obtain a Qatari licence, sometimes via direct conversion from recognised countries. | Qatar Gov Portal |
| 26 | Saudi Arabia | Visitors can drive short-term with valid foreign or international licence; residents generally need a Saudi licence, with some allowed direct conversion. | MOI Saudi Arabia |
| 27 | Kuwait | Expat residents require a Kuwaiti licence; some can convert foreign licences while others must pass written and practical tests; rules tied to residency and profession. | e.gov.kw |
| 28 | Oman | Visitors may drive with foreign licence/IDP; residents usually must obtain an Omani licence, often via practical/theory tests. | Royal Oman Police |
| 29 | Bahrain | Visitors can generally drive with foreign licence and/or IDP; residents must obtain a Bahraini licence, sometimes exchangeable from certain countries. | Bahrain.bh |
| 30 | Singapore | Foreigners can drive up to 12 months on a valid licence + IDP or translation; long-term residents must convert to a Singapore licence via theory test. | Singapore Police Force |
| 31 | Malaysia | Visitors often drive with foreign licence/IDP; long-term residents need a Malaysian licence, often by conversion from selected countries or via tests. | JPJ Malaysia |
| 32 | Thailand | Visitors can usually drive with a foreign licence + IDP; residents should obtain a Thai licence via Department of Land Transport, often through tests and medical certificate. | DLT Thailand |
| 33 | Indonesia | Visitors may drive with IDP + home licence; long-term foreigners need an Indonesian SIM issued by local police (tests usually required). | Korlantas Polri |
| 34 | Vietnam | Foreigners typically cannot rely solely on home licence; IDP recognition is limited; many expats must convert their licence to a Vietnamese one or take tests. | Vietnam Ministry of Transport |
| 35 | Philippines | Short-term visitors can usually drive with a valid foreign licence for 90 days; residents must obtain a Philippine licence via LTO (conversion from some countries is possible). | LTO Philippines |
| 36 | Japan | Visitors can drive with IDP + home licence up to 1 year; residents must convert their licence (gaimen kirikae) through prefectural police; long-term use of only an IDP as resident is not allowed. | Tokyo Metropolitan Police |
| 37 | South Korea | Short-term visitors may drive using IDP + home licence; long-term residents can exchange licences from many countries or must test for a Korean licence. | Korea Road Traffic Authority |
| 38 | China (Mainland) | Foreign licences and IDPs are not directly valid; foreigners must obtain a Chinese licence (temporary or permanent) via conversion or tests at the Vehicle Management Office. | National Immigration Admin |
| 39 | Hong Kong SAR | Visitors can often drive with overseas licence/IDP for up to 12 months; residents may qualify for direct issue of a HK licence or must take tests. | HK Transport Dept |
| 40 | India | Visitors may drive with valid foreign licence plus IDP (varies by state); residents must obtain an Indian licence through state transport authority (tests required). | Ministry of Road Transport |
| 41 | South Africa | Visitors may drive with foreign licence (often if in English) or IDP; long-term residents must apply for a South African licence, sometimes via exchange. | Gov.za |
| 42 | Kenya | Visitors can drive with foreign licence/IDP for a limited period; residents need a Kenyan licence via NTSA, with some recognition of Commonwealth licences. | NTSA Kenya |
| 43 | Nigeria | Visitors may drive short term on foreign licence/IDP; residents must obtain a Nigerian licence through FRSC/state licensing offices. | FRSC |
| 44 | Mexico | Visitors generally allowed to drive with foreign licence/IDP; residents should obtain a Mexican state licence—requirements vary by state. | Gob.mx |
| 45 | Brazil | Foreigners can usually drive up to 180 days with foreign licence + IDP; after that, a Brazilian CNH is needed via exchange or testing at state DETRAN. | Gov.br |
| 46 | Argentina | Tourists can often drive with foreign licence/IDP; residents must obtain an Argentine licence through local municipality, usually requiring medical + theory/practical tests. | Argentina.gob.ar |
| 47 | Chile | Visitors generally can drive with foreign licence/IDP; residents eventually need a Chilean licence via municipal testing; some countries have bilateral agreements. | Chile.gob.cl |
| 48 | Colombia | Short-term visitors may drive with foreign licence/IDP; residents must obtain a Colombian licence through licensed driving schools and tests. | MinTransporte |
| 49 | Costa Rica | Tourists can usually drive with foreign licence for up to 90 days (length of legal stay); residents must obtain a Costa Rican licence via COSEVI. | MOPT |
| 50 | Panama | Visitors can generally drive with foreign licence for up to 90 days; residents are required to get a Panamanian licence, sometimes via direct exchange from certain countries. | ATTT Panama |
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